介孔-微孔复合材料的水热稳定性及其催化裂化性能

采用无模板剂的溶胶凝胶法制备了一系列具有均一介孔和MFI沸石微孔的复合材料.与MCM-41相比,包含silicalite-1沸石结构的复合材料的水热稳定性得到显著改善.1,3,5-三异丙苯的催化裂化反应结果表明,与商品HZSM-5沸石相比,包含ZSM-5沸石结构的复合材料具有更高的催化活性和抗积炭性能.三异丙苯的转化率...     

Generating hydrogen gas from methane with carbon captured as pure spheroidal nanomaterials

Energy production by using hydrogen gas as a feedstock is considered to be one of the keys to creating clean energy, with the proviso that the gas is generated in a sustainable way with no emissions. A simple, self-sustaining process generating hydrogen gas from methane using inexpensive stainless steel wire-mesh catalysts at elevated temperatures (800 °C) is reported. A theoretical analysis of the production of electricity by this process revealed peak chain energy efficiencies up to 21% (emission free) when using a percentage of the produced hydrogen (approximately 40% of purified yield) as the heat source. In addition, a practical method has been developed to purify the carbon byproduct, affording essentially pure highly graphitic spheroidal carbon for advanced materials applications.     

一种可作为FCC基质的新型改性镁铝尖晶石材料

镁铝尖晶石作为硫转移剂被广泛应用于流体催化裂化(FCC)过程中, 可降低再生烟气中的SO₂排放. 通过将镁铝尖晶石和Y分子筛纳米簇溶液混合在酸性条件下再次晶化的方法改性镁铝尖晶石, 改性后尖晶石的酸性明显提高. 改性尖晶石材料的酸性和碱性可通过改变体系的pH值得以调节. 实验表明, 此改性方法可以将分子筛的结构单元引入到尖晶石中, 从而使尖晶石的微孔比表面、酸性和水热稳定性明显提高. 与原尖晶石相比, 改性尖晶石裂化减压瓦斯油(VGO)的活性和产物选择性均得到改善, 同时还保留了部分碱性活性位, 仍具有一定的脱硫活性. 改性尖晶石裂化VGO的反应性能优于高岭土, 同时以改性尖晶石作为部分基质的FCC催化剂的反应性能也优于以高岭土为主要基质的FCC催化剂.     

Detection of stress corrosion cracking of high-strength steel used in prestressed concrete structures by acoustic emission technique

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of high-strength steel used in prestressed concrete structures was studied by acoustic emission technique (AE). A simulated concrete pore (SCP) solution at high-alkaline (pH ≈ 12) contaminated by sulphate, chloride, and thiocyanate ions was used. The evolution of the acoustic activity recorded during the tests shows the presence of several stages related respectively to cracks initiation due to the local corrosion imposed by corrosives species, cracks propagation and steel failure. Microscopic examinations pointed out that the wires exhibited a brittle fracture mode. The cracking was found to propagate in the transgranular mode. The role of corrosives species and hydrogen in the rupture mechanism of high-strength steel was also investigated. This study shows promising results for an potential use in situ of AE for real-time health monitoring of eutectoid steel cables used in prestressed concrete structures.     

The strain energy density ratio criterion for predicting cracking direction in composite materials

The strain energy density ratio criterion for predicting cracking direction incomposite materials is proposed.The Tsai-Hill criterion and Norris criterion ofcomposite materials are extended to predict the cracking direction in composites.Thethree criteria are used to analyse the crack propagation problem of the unidirectionalfibre composite sheet with various fibre directions.The predicted results are comparedwith those of the existing normal stress ratio criterion and strain energy densitycriterion.     

CF-2沸石的表面酸性及催化性能

CF-2是一种新型的高硅沸石。1981年我们实验室首先在二乙醇胺-甘油-Na₂O-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-H₂O体系中制备成功^[1],以后才见到关于Theta-1^[2],ISI-1^[3],KZ-2^[4],NO-10^[5]和ZSM-22^[6]沸石的报道。     

烯烃在催化裂化催化剂上反应机理的初步研究

在自制的微反-色谱装置上,进行了单体烯烃和催化裂化汽油在不同条件下的催化裂化反应实验。对单体烯烃的裂化反应规律和汽油中的烯烃在半再生催化剂和待生催化剂上的催化裂化反应规律进行对比分析。结果表明,单体烯烃反应中,C6及C6以下的烯烃主要发生骨架异构和双键异构反应,氢转移和直接裂化反应发生的较少。C7以上的烯烃95%以上发生转化,高温下直接裂化生成C3、C4,氢转移和异构化比率较大。汽油中的烯烃转化主要集中在C7以上,烯烃之间存在一定的交互作用,单体烯烃的催化裂化反应规律可以初步预测汽油中烯烃的转化。催化剂上的结焦类型对汽油中的烯烃的转化方式没有影响。